Eagle's Syndrome

Eagle's syndrome is characterized by cervicopharyngeal signs and symptoms associated with elongation of the styloid apophysis. This elongation may occur through ossification of the stylohyoid ligament, or through growth of the apophysis due to osteogenesis triggered by a factor such as trauma. Elongation of the styloid apophysis may give rise to intense facial pain, headache, dysphagia, otalgia, buzzing sensations, and trismus. Precise diagnosis of the syndrome is difficult, and it is generally confounded by other manifestations of cervicopharyngeal pain. OBJECTIVE: To describe a case of Eagle's syndrome. CASE REPORT: A 53-year-old man reported lateral pain in his neck that had been present for 30 years. Computed tomography (CT) of the neck showed elongation and ossification of the styloid processes of the temporal bone, which was compatible with Eagle's syndrome. Surgery was performed for bilateral resection of the stylohyoid ligament by using a transoral and endoscopic access route. The patient continued to present pain laterally in the neck, predominantly on his left side. CT was performed again, which showed elongation of the styloid processes. The patient then underwent lateral cervicotomy with resection of the stylohyoid process, which partially resolved his painful condition. FINAL COMMENTS: Patients with Eagle's syndrome generally have a history of chronic pain. Appropriate knowledge of this disease is necessary for adequate treatment to be provided. The importance of diagnosing this uncommon and often unsuspected disease should be emphasized, given that correct clinical-surgical treatment is frequently delayed. The diagnosis of Eagle's syndrome is clinical and radiographic, and the definitive treatment in cases of difficult-to-control pain is surgical...

Eagle's Syndrome.

INTRODUCTION: Eagle's syndrome is characterized by cervicopharyngeal signs and symptoms associated with elongation of the styloid apophysis. This elongation may occur through ossification of the stylohyoid ligament, or through growth of the apophysis due to osteogenesis triggered by a factor such as trauma. Elongation of the styloid apophysis may give rise to intense facial pain, headache, dysphagia, otalgia, buzzing sensations, and trismus. Precise diagnosis of the syndrome is difficult, and it is generally confounded by other manifestations of cervicopharyngeal pain. OBJECTIVE: To describe a case of Eagle's syndrome. CASE REPORT: A 53-year-old man reported lateral pain in his neck that had been present for 30 years. Computed tomography (CT) of the neck showed elongation and ossification of the styloid processes of the temporal bone, which was compatible with Eagle's syndrome. Surgery was performed for bilateral resection of the stylohyoid ligament by using a transoral and endoscopic access route. The patient continued to present pain laterally in the neck, predominantly on his left side. CT was performed again, which showed elongation of the styloid processes. The patient then underwent lateral cervicotomy with resection of the stylohyoid process, which partially resolved his painful condition. Final Comments: Patients with Eagle's syndrome generally have a history of chronic pain. Appropriate knowledge of this disease is necessary for adequate treatment to be provided. The importance of diagnosing this uncommon and often unsuspected disease should be emphasized, given that correct clinical-surgical treatment is frequently delayed. The diagnosis of Eagle's syndrome is clinical and radiographic, and the definitive treatment in cases of difficult-to-control pain is surgical.

Prevalência e características do tabagismo em jovens da Universidade de Brasília / Prevalence and characteristics of smoking among youth attending the University of Brasília in Brazil

OBJETIVO: Conhecer a prevalência do tabagismo e descrever o perfil e hábitos do consumo tabágico entre alunos da Universidade de Brasília. MÉTODOS: Responderam a um questionário adaptado sobre tabagismo, da Organização Mundial da Saúde, com perguntas dirigidas a fumantes, ex-fumantes e não fumantes, 1.341 alunos. Foram avaliados vinte cursos diferentes pertencentes às áreas de ciências da saúde, exatas e humanas. No momento da pesquisa, os universitários estavam cursando o segundo semestre letivo de 2003, devidamente matriculados no período diurno. RESULTADOS: A prevalência de tabagismo foi de 14,7 por cento. Cerca de 80,8 por cento dos alunos não eram fumantes e 4,5 por cento foram classificados como ex-fumantes. Da amostra total, 57,3 por cento eram homens. Não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa (p > 0,05) na prevalência de tabagismo entre os sexos ou períodos cursados. A média de idade da população estudada foi de 21,6 ± 3,6 anos, com idade média de início do tabagismo de 17 ± 2,8 anos. Os cursos de Geologia, Comunicação e História apresentaram as maiores prevalências de fumantes com 32,9 por cento, 26,3 por cento e 24,4 por cento, respectivamente. Foi observado consumo médio de 7,5 cigarros por dia. O cigarro industrializado foi citado como o tipo de tabaco mais comumente utilizado entre os universitários (72,6 por cento). CONCLUSÃO: Esta alta prevalência assemelha-se às de outros centros universitários e demanda políticas de controle do tabagismo nos meios universitários.

Prevalence and characteristics of smoking among youth attending the University of Brasília in Brazil.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of smoking and to describe the profile and smoking habits of students attending the Universidade de Brasília (University of Brasília) in Brasília, Brazil. METHODS: A total of 1341 students responded to a smoking questionnaire, adapted from the World Health Organization questionnaire, including questions directed at smokers, former smokers and nonsmokers. Twenty different courses in the areas of health, exact sciences and human sciences were evaluated. The students included in the study were duly enrolled in day courses and were evaluated during the second semester of 2003. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of smoking was 14.7%. Approximately 80.8% of the students were nonsmokers, and 4.5% were former smokers. In the study sample, 57.3% of the students were male. No significant difference (p > 0.05) in the prevalence of smoking was observed in terms of gender or class year. The mean age of the study population was 21.6 +/- 3.6 years, and the mean age at which the smoking habit was acquired was 17 +/- 2.8 years. The percentage of smokers was higher in the Geology, Communication, and History courses (32.9, 26.3 and 24.4%, respectively). Mean consumption was 7.5 cigarettes per day. The majority (72.6%) of the students used commercial cigarettes rather than other types of tobacco. CONCLUSION: The high prevalence of smoking observed in the present study is similar to that reported for other universities and indicates the need for smoking control policies in university environments.